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ISLAMOPHILIA AS A PREDICTOR OF ISLAMOPHOBIA IN PAKISTAN WHETHER THE POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND EXTREMISM TRIANGULATE THE RELATIONSHIP

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01 Pages : 1-8

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2023(VIII-I).01      10.31703/gmcr.2023(VIII-I).01      Published : Dec 2023

Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship

Abstract

    This quantitative study looks into the relationship between Islamophilia, Islamophobia, political instability, and extremism & terrorism in Pakistan. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect 137 responses from students pursuing BS and MS degrees in Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities. The findings reveal a significant relationship between Islamophilia and Islamophobia, with Islamophilia inadvertently contributing to the rise of Islamophobia. Consequently, this heightened Islamophobia has consequences with respect to political instability and the rise of extremism & terrorism within Pakistan. These findings put the spotlight on the need to adopt an all-inclusive and broad method to address both Islamophilia and Islamophobia to promote and advance political stability and effectively counter extremism in the country. The study provides a valuable grasp on recognizing the complex dynamics between these factors, shedding light on useful comprehension for policymakers and researchers working towards a more secure and tolerant society in Pakistan.

    Islamophilia, Islamophobia, Political Instability, Extremism & Terrorism, Pakistan.

    (1) Haroon Elahi
    Head PTV World, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Wajid Zulqarnain
    Associate Professor, Department of Media Sciences, University of Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Naveed Ullah Hashmi
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media Sciences, University of Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Elahi, H., Zulqarnain, W., & Hashmi, N. U. (2023). Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship. Global Mass Communication Review, VIII(I), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2023(VIII-I).01

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. 2023. "Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship." Global Mass Communication Review, VIII (I): 1-8 doi: 10.31703/gmcr.2023(VIII-I).01

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ELAHI, H., ZULQARNAIN, W. & HASHMI, N. U. 2023. Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship. Global Mass Communication Review, VIII, 1-8.

MHRA

    MHRA : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. 2023. "Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship." Global Mass Communication Review, VIII: 1-8

MLA

    MLA : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. "Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship." Global Mass Communication Review, VIII.I (2023): 1-8 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Elahi, Haroon, Zulqarnain, Wajid, and Hashmi, Naveed Ullah (2023), "Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship", Global Mass Communication Review, VIII (I), 1-8

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Elahi, Haroon, Wajid Zulqarnain, and Naveed Ullah Hashmi. "Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship." Global Mass Communication Review VIII, no. I (2023): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2023(VIII-I).01