- Batool, S.(2004). Portrayal of Muslims in Indian Movies. Unpublished Master's thesis institute of communication studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
- Callahan, P. ( 2001).
- Jessop, B. (2000). Reshaping public opinion and the white-coated Propagandists.
- Juni ,M. (2014). International Journal of Research (IJR) 1(9).
- Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques . New age Int. (P) Ltd Publishers. 31-100
- Saeed, Y. (2007). Stereotypes of Indian Muslims. Retrieved on August.
- Zainab, S. (2005). Impact of Indian movies on the culture of youth . Unpublished
Abstract:
This study is designed to investigate the Impact of Heroism and Demonism of Indian Movies and Youth National Identity Crisis. Through the survey research method, the researcher collects data from the 320 persons that are selected from a population of the study through the Purposive sampling technique. Participants are categorized demographically. The major finding of the study is the Nation Identity Crisis among youth, and it strongly supports the hypothesis that "there is significant Co Relation between the extent of watching Indian movies and adoption of Indian cultural identities". The researcher concluded that the "National language of our country Pakistan more affected by the Hinduism and somewhat Dress, Eating culture, National symbols, Two Nation Theory National Heroes and Army image also affected.”
Key Words
Heroism, Demonism, Indian Movies, Youth, National Identity
Introduction
According to (Callahan, 2001) is, An independent film is a kind of film production that fetch in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system, additionally to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies. Independent films are sometimes different by their content and style and the way in which the filmmakers' personal artistic vision is realized. Sometimes independent films are made with considerably lower budgets than major studio movies. It is majorly reviewed that Indian films and presented content has impacts on multiple aspects of its viewers. Masses watches films and follow as it was presented physically and psychologically, also consciously and unconsciously. People not only change their attitudes but behaves accordingly. The film industry is so big, and due to its entertainment factor, every age group not only watches but also adopt the ways of living, eating, behaving, and acting in their lives. Generally, the marketing of independent films is characterized by constrained release; likewise, it can also have major marketing campaigns and a wide release. Independent films are often screened at local, national, or international film festivals before distribution (theatrical and/or retail release). Independent film production can rival a mainstream film production if it has the necessary funding and distribution. www.film labs.org).it
Literature Review
The basic principle of research is to explore the Impact of Heroism and Demonism of Indian movies and the National Identity Crisis among Youth. "Bollywood industry will play for those brains for Pakistani immature through their general public progression. Bollywood movies get Verwoerd praise because our immature is thick, as warm as Bollywood. Likewise, as we continue on to perceive that the purpose for the Notoriety of the Bollywood business secured close by Pakistan will be those breakdown for Lollywood industry.” Jessop (2000) and Saeed (2007)reveal insight into afterward change in the public's opinion and change in Indian society. popular media of India established stereotypes of the Indian Muslim community as "Indian Muslims". Basically, it is unthinkable to include all the supporters of Islam into one huge category residing in India. It will be practically unthinkable with a set every last one of supporters from claiming Islam residing clinched alongside India under you quit offering on that one colossal class. They are culturally, demographically, professionally, economically, and politically as disparate as the respite of the Hindus and the result that Indians are not enduring the Muslims in their Country because in India, there is a large number of Muslim minorities who have lived in Indian since many years. As they look at Muslims that they are terrorists, traitors, militants, etc., in this, they also include women and children. In many movies, Muslims are appeared as terrible individuals who are not devoted to their homeland and promote violence in areas of India. Due to such movies, society has cornered Muslims, and they brought them in the position of defending themselves. Indian films have a big hold on the entertainment industry masses likes and follow the films, content, and actors. Films like Bahubali, which a south Indian film is, have a lot of fake scenes, but it scored high viewing records as masses not only watched but also adopted the presented behaviors and attitudes.
Batool (2004), Zainab (2005), Juni (2014), and According to Tariq (2011) that Indian movies promote Pakistan Islam and Muslims in a negative way as Pakistan is a terrorist, militant & confrontational to the neighboring countries. Pakistan is an Islamic country and has some limitations, but the Indian movies destroy all limitations and change the beliefs of our youth about their religion. The bang of the Bollywood movies on cultural transformation among Pakistani youth prefer to watch Indian movies to gratify their entertainment needs than Hollywood and Lollywood movies, and they follow the Mannerism and life style shown in movies having a considerable effect on their cultural patterns and Indian movies also influence the language, dresses, lifestyle, festivals, music, food habits, and drinking of the native cultural trends. Pakistan and India haven't been on good terms since their creation. Pakistani people now stand on the unacceptable was, they are highly influenced by the Indian culture as they adopt their lifestyle, prefer to watch Indian channels shows and films. This result shows that Pakistan minimizes its identity. People still hate feeling in their hearts for India as we observe in the India Pak match. But in spite of this, we prefer to adopt Indian culture happily. We need to take into account these facts and promote the culture of our homeland, Pakistan. In reality, they presented culture is actually in practice which is Indian culture, because the masses watch and practice in their ceremonials and daily life.
Hypothesis
H1: More the youth watch Bollywood movies then, the more their interaction pattern is affected with the social network.
H2: More the youth watch nationalist and motivated Bollywood movies then, the more they are influenced by Indian Language and Dresses.
H3: There is significant Co Relation between the extent of watching Indian movies and the adoption of Indian cultural identities.
Methodology and Findings
"Methodology defines a range of different steps that a researcher generally adopts in studying research problems and the logic behind them. All possible ways that are necessary for the researchers and help to lay out methodology may vary from problem to problem. Research methodology is multidimensional, and the research methods are a part of research methodology (Kothari, 2004)." This study is going to be performed to make sure the Impact of Heroism and Demonism of Indian Movies and Youth National Identity Crisis. According to the rations and nature of the study, the survey method is an appropriate direction for analysis. For this study, the universe is the male and female students of the University of Sargodha. Through the purposive and convenient sampling technique, 320 students are selected as sample.
Table 1. Effects of Indian Movies on Pattern of Social Interaction
| S. No width="96" rowspan="2" valign="top">Category width="90" rowspan="2">Overall width="144" colspan="2">Gender width="147" colspan="2">Age | > Male width="72">Female width="66">18-24 width="81">25-30 | > 1 width="477" colspan="6" valign="top">Parents | > 2 width="96" valign="bottom">Very Much width="90">31 width="72">34 width="72">27 width="66">29 width="81">38 | > 3 width="96" valign="bottom">Much width="90">26 width="72">24 width="72">28 width="66">26 width="81">23 | > 4 width="96" valign="bottom">Somewhat width="90">19 width="72">17 width="72">21 width="66">21 width="81">9 | > 5 width="96" valign="bottom">Rarely width="90">11 width="72">9 width="72">13 width="66">12 width="81">9 | > 6 width="96" valign="bottom">Not at all width="90">13 width="72">16 width="72">11 width="66">12 width="81">20 | > 7 width="477" colspan="6" valign="top">Friends | > 8 width="96" valign="bottom">Very Frequently width="90">31 width="72">30 width="72">31 width="66">30 width="81">31 | > width="96" valign="bottom"> Frequently width="90">35 width="72">38 width="72">33 width="66">36 width="81">34 | > 9 width="96" valign="bottom">Somewhat width="90">17 width="72">16 width="72">18 width="66">17 width="81">14 | > 10 width="96" valign="bottom">Rarely width="90">12 width="72">11 width="72">12 width="66">11 width="81">13 | > 11 width="96" valign="bottom">Not at all width="90">6 width="72">6 width="72">6 width="66">5 width="81">8 | > 12 width="477" colspan="6" valign="top">Family Members | > 13 width="96" valign="top">Very Frequently width="90">20 width="72">21 width="72">19 width="66">18 width="81">25 | > 14 width="96" valign="bottom">Somewhat width="90">27 width="72">29 width="72">26 width="66">27 width="81">28 | > 15 width="96" valign="bottom">Rarely width="90">27 width="72">22 width="72">31 width="66">28 width="81">20 | > 16 width="96" valign="bottom">Not at all width="90">14 width="72">16 width="72">13 width="66">14 width="81">13 | > 17 width="477" colspan="6" valign="top">Co Worders | > 18 width="96" valign="top">Very Frequently width="90">19 width="72">21 width="72">17 width="66">18 width="81">22 | > 19 width="96" valign="bottom">Frequently width="90">23 width="72">26 width="72">21 width="66">24 width="81">20 | > 20 width="96" valign="bottom">Somewhat width="90">24 width="72">22 width="72">26 width="66">23 width="81">27 | > 21 width="96" valign="bottom">Rarely width="90">19 width="72">18 width="72">21 width="66">20 width="81">17 | > 22 width="96" valign="bottom">Not at all width="90">15 width="72">14 width="72">16 width="66">16 width="81">14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category width="79" colspan="3" rowspan="2">Overall width="153" colspan="4">Gender width="154" colspan="2">Age | > Male width="89" colspan="3">Female width="77">18-24 width="77">25-30 | > Hair Style width="79" colspan="3">width="64" valign="bottom"> width="89" colspan="3" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom">
| > Very Frequently width="77">21 width="77" colspan="3">22 width="77">20 width="77" colspan="2">18 width="77">34 | > Frequently width="77">25 width="77" colspan="3">24 width="77">25 width="77" colspan="2">25 width="77">22 | > Somewhat width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">24 width="77" colspan="2">20 width="77">19 | > Rarely width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">12 width="77">12 width="77" colspan="2">12 width="77">11 | > Not at all width="77">23 width="77" colspan="3">26 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">25 width="77">14 | > Dialogue width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">20 width="77" colspan="2">17 width="77">22 | > Frequently width="77">22 width="77" colspan="3">26 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">22 width="77">22 | > Somewhat width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">21 width="77" colspan="2">21 width="77">16 | > Rarely width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">17 width="77" colspan="2">15 width="77">27 | > Not at all width="77">23 width="77" colspan="3">21 width="77">24 width="77" colspan="2">25 width="77">14 | > Dress width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">20 width="77">14 width="77" colspan="2">15 width="77">25 | > Frequently width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">23 width="77" colspan="2">19 width="77">22 | > Somewhat width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">16 width="77" colspan="2">18 width="77">17 | > Rarely width="77">19 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">20 width="77" colspan="2">21 width="77">14 | > Not at all width="77">26 width="77" colspan="3">26 width="77">26 width="77" colspan="2">27 width="77">22 | > Mustache width="77" valign="bottom">width="77" colspan="3" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom"> width="77" colspan="2" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom">
| > Very Frequently width="77">9 width="77" colspan="3">14 width="77">5 width="77" colspan="2">8 width="77">16 | > Frequently width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">11 width="77">13 width="77" colspan="2">11 width="77">16 | > Somewhat width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">11 width="77">13 width="77" colspan="2">14 width="77">6 | > Rarely width="77">15 width="77" colspan="3">17 width="77">14 width="77" colspan="2">16 width="77">14 | > Not at all width="77">51 width="77" colspan="3">47 width="77">56 width="77" colspan="2">52 width="77">48 | > Eating width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">11 width="77">11 width="77" colspan="2">9 width="77">20 | > Frequently width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">14 width="77">8 width="77" colspan="2">12 width="77">9 | > Somewhat width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">18 width="77">14 | > Rarely width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">21 width="77" colspan="2">20 width="77">17 | > Not at all width="77">41 width="77" colspan="3">41 width="77">41 width="77" colspan="2">41 width="77">39 | > Living Styles width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">14 width="77" colspan="2">11 width="77">23 | > Frequently width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">15 width="77">11 width="77" colspan="2">14 width="77">9 | > Somewhat width="77">22 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">25 width="77" colspan="2">23 width="77">17 | > Rarely width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">18 width="77" colspan="2">18 width="77">20 | > Not at all width="77">33 width="77" colspan="3">34 width="77">32 width="77" colspan="2">34 width="77">30 | > Music width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">26 width="77" colspan="3">23 width="77">28 width="77" colspan="2">26 width="77">23 | > Frequently width="77">26 width="77" colspan="3">26 width="77">27 width="77" colspan="2">27 width="77">22 | > Somewhat width="77">15 width="77" colspan="3">17 width="77">13 width="77" colspan="2">13 width="77">20 | > Rarely width="77">16 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">14 width="77" colspan="2">15 width="77">20 | > Not at all width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">18 width="77">14 | > Food Habit width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">15 width="77">8 width="77" colspan="2">8 width="77">23 | > Frequently width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">13 width="77" colspan="2">13 width="77">14 | > Somewhat width="77">19 width="77" colspan="3">19 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">20 width="77">13 | > Rarely width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">17 width="77">18 width="77" colspan="2">19 width="77">11 | > Not at all width="77">40 width="77" colspan="3">36 width="77">44 width="77" colspan="2">40 width="77">39 | > Drinking width="77" valign="bottom">width="77" colspan="3" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom"> width="77" colspan="2" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom">
| > Very Frequently width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">11 width="77">11 width="77" colspan="2">9 width="77">22 | > Frequently width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">10 width="77" colspan="2">13 width="77">6 | > Somewhat width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">11 width="77" colspan="2">13 width="77">9 | > Rarely width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">21 width="77" colspan="2">20 width="77">13 | > Not at all width="77">47 width="77" colspan="3">48 width="77">47 width="77" colspan="2">46 width="77">50 | > Festival width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">14 width="77" colspan="2">11 width="77">22 | > Frequently width="77">16 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">16 width="77">14 | > Somewhat width="77">15 width="77" colspan="3">15 width="77">15 width="77" colspan="2">16 width="77">9 | > Rarely width="77">19 width="77" colspan="3">21 width="77">18 width="77" colspan="2">19 width="77">20 | > Not at all width="77">36 width="77" colspan="3">38 width="77">34 width="77" colspan="2">37 width="77">34 | > Interior width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">14 width="77">9 width="77" colspan="2">11 width="77">14 | > Frequently width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">16 width="77">22 | > Somewhat width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">19 width="77" colspan="2">19 width="77">13 | > Rarely width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">21 width="77">15 width="77" colspan="2">19 width="77">16 | > Not at all width="77">35 width="77" colspan="3">33 width="77">38 width="77" colspan="2">35 width="77">36 | > Beard width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="77" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">10 width="77" colspan="3">13 width="77">6 width="77" colspan="2">7 width="77">19 | > Frequently width="77">8 width="77" colspan="3">8 width="77">8 width="77" colspan="2">9 width="77">6 | > Somewhat width="77">11 width="77" colspan="3">10 width="77">12 width="77" colspan="2">12 width="77">8 | > Rarely width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">18 width="77" colspan="2">16 width="77">19 | > Not at all width="77">54 width="77" colspan="3">53 width="77">56 width="77" colspan="2">56 width="77">48 | height="0"> width="1"> width="77"> width="2"> width="64"> width="12"> width="77"> width="1"> width="77"> width="77"> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category width="80" colspan="3" rowspan="2">Overall width="154" colspan="4">Gender width="154" colspan="2">Age | > Male width="90" colspan="3">Female width="77">18-24 width="77">25-30 | > Language width="80" colspan="3">width="64" valign="bottom"> width="90" colspan="3" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom"> width="77" valign="bottom">
| > Very Frequently width="77">37 width="77" colspan="3">36 width="77">38 width="78" colspan="2">36 width="77">42 | > Frequently width="77">32 width="77" colspan="3">31 width="77">32 width="78" colspan="2">34 width="77">20 | > Somewhat width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">12 width="77">13 width="78" colspan="2">13 width="77">13 | > Rarely width="77">12 width="77" colspan="3">12 width="77">12 width="78" colspan="2">11 width="77">16 | > Not at all width="77">7 width="77" colspan="3">9 width="77">5 width="78" colspan="2">7 width="77">9 | > Dressing width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="78" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">33 width="77" colspan="3">35 width="77">30 width="78" colspan="2">30 width="77">41 | > Frequently width="77">35 width="77" colspan="3">33 width="77">37 width="78" colspan="2">36 width="77">28 | > Somewhat width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">19 width="78" colspan="2">20 width="77">14 | > Rarely width="77">10 width="77" colspan="3">9 width="77">10 width="78" colspan="2">9 width="77">13 | > Not at all width="77">5 width="77" colspan="3">6 width="77">4 width="78" colspan="2">5 width="77">5 | > Eating Culture width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="78" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">23 width="77">16 width="78" colspan="2">16 width="77">34 | > Frequently width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">20 width="77">19 width="78" colspan="2">20 width="77">19 | > Somewhat width="77">28 width="77" colspan="3">26 width="77">29 width="78" colspan="2">30 width="77">20 | > Rarely width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">17 width="77">24 width="78" colspan="2">21 width="77">17 | > Not at all width="77">13 width="77" colspan="3">14 width="77">11 width="78" colspan="2">13 width="77">9 | > National Heros width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="78" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">26 width="77" colspan="3">24 width="77">28 width="78" colspan="2">23 width="77">36 | > Frequently width="77">24 width="77" colspan="3">28 width="77">20 width="78" colspan="2">23 width="77">27 | > Somewhat width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">16 width="78" colspan="2">18 width="77">9 | > Rarely width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">16 width="77">17 width="78" colspan="2">17 width="77">14 | > Not at all width="77">17 width="77" colspan="3">15 width="77">19 width="78" colspan="2">18 width="77">14 | > Two Nation Theory | > Very Frequently width="77">25 width="77" colspan="3">29 width="77">22 width="78" colspan="2">22 width="77">38 | > Frequently width="77">21 width="77" colspan="3">23 width="77">20 width="78" colspan="2">22 width="77">19 | > Somewhat width="77">24 width="77" colspan="3">24 width="77">25 width="78" colspan="2">26 width="77">17 | > Rarely width="77">9 width="77" colspan="3">8 width="77">11 width="78" colspan="2">10 width="77">8 | > Not at all width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">22 width="78" colspan="2">20 width="77">19 | > National Symbols width="77">width="77" colspan="3"> width="77"> width="78" colspan="2"> width="77">
| > Very Frequently width="77">20 width="77" colspan="3">24 width="77">16 width="78" colspan="2">17 width="77">34 | > Frequently width="77">19 width="77" colspan="3">21 width="77">16 width="78" colspan="2">21 width="77">11 | > Somewhat width="77">18 width="77" colspan="3">18 width="77">18 width="78" colspan="2">16 width="77">23 | > Rarely width="77">14 width="77" colspan="3">9 width="77">19 width="78" colspan="2">15 width="77">13 | > Not at all width="77">29 width="77" colspan="3">28 width="77">31 width="78" colspan="2">32 width="77">19 | height="0"> width="1"> width="77"> width="2"> width="64"> width="12"> width="77"> width="1"> width="77"> width="77"> | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Category width="81" colspan="3" rowspan="2">Overall width="156" colspan="4">Gender width="156" colspan="2">Age | > Male width="91" colspan="3">Female width="78">18-24 width="78">25-30 | > Very Frequently width="78">26 width="78" colspan="3">28 width="78">24 width="78" colspan="2">26 width="78">27 | > Frequently width="78">15 width="78" colspan="3">17 width="78">14 width="78" colspan="2">15 width="78">17 | > Somewhat width="78">14 width="78" colspan="3">16 width="78">12 width="78" colspan="2">15 width="78">9 | > Rarely width="78">10 width="78" colspan="3">9 width="78">11 width="78" colspan="2">10 width="78">11 | > Not at all width="78">34 width="78" colspan="3">30 width="78">39 width="78" colspan="2">34 width="78">36 | height="0"> width="1"> width="78"> width="2"> width="65"> width="12"> width="78"> width="1"> width="78"> width="78"> | |||||
| Correlation | > width="107" valign="top"> with Parents width="107" valign="top">With Friends width="98" valign="top">With Family Members width="108" valign="top">With Co-Worker | > Time spending of respondents width="107">Pearson Correlation width="107">-.101 width="98">-.092 width="108">-.174** | > width="107"> Sig. (2-tailed) width="107">.071 width="98">.100 width="108">.002 | > width="107"> N width="107">320 width="98">320 width="108">320 | ||||||
| Test Statistics align="center"> | > width="84"> Language width="64">Dressing width="56">Eating Culture width="63">National Heroes width="87">Two Nation Theory width="64">National Symbols | > Chi-Square width="84">112.781a width="64">114.438a width="56">18.813a width="63">12.938a width="87">25.906a width="64">19.469a | > Df width="84">4 width="64">4 width="56">4 width="63">4 width="87">4 width="64">4 | > Asymp. Sig. width="84">.000 width="64">.000 width="56">.001 width="63">.012 width="87">.000 width="64">.001 | ||||||
| width="48" valign="top"> Hair >Style width="36" valign="top">Dialogue width="30" valign="top">Dress width="36" valign="top">Mustache width="30" valign="top">Eating width="30" valign="top">Living >Style width="30" valign="top">Music width="42" valign="top">Food >Habits width="30" valign="top">Drinking width="30" valign="top">Festival width="42" valign="top">Interior >Design width="26" valign="top">Beard | > Watching Habit of movies width="60" valign="top">Pearson Correlation width="48">.127* width="36">.235** width="30">.149** width="36">.078 width="30">.141* width="30">.229** width="30">.243** width="42">.107 width="30">.181** width="30">.157** width="42">.061 width="26">.144** | > Sig. (2 tailed) width="48">.024 width="36">.000 width="30">.008 width="36">.164 width="30">.012 width="30">.000 width="30">.000 width="42">.055 width="30">.001 width="30">.005 width="42">.278 width="26">.010 | > N width="48">320 width="36">320 width="30">320 width="36">320 width="30">320 width="30">320 width="30">320 width="42">320 width="30">320 width="30">320 width="42">320 width="26">320 | |
